Men's Health
Women's Health
Anti-Aging
Brain Health
Sports Performance
Immune Health
Weight Loss
Reduce Stress
About us
Compare Peak Male
Quality Control
Bulk & Custom Blends
Guarantee
Rewards
Vendors
Our Product Packaging
Contact Us
Carbon Neutral
Subscribe & Save + Get Free shipping on all Auto-ship Orders
Piperine Powder (Black Pepper Extract)
Piperine is a pungent component found in black pepper in the Piper Nigrum family. This spice has a long history of Ayurvedic medicinal use as a restorative tonic. It is most well known for its ability to support other foods and herbs' bioavailability in traditional herbal formulas. Much research has supported that it increases turmeric root bioavailability by 20-fold.
Piperine extract, derived from black pepper fruit, has a long history of use dating back as far as 100 BC, as noted in ancient Sanskrit literature. Pepper was a prevalent spice used in the middle ages to help cover the salt-cured meats' taste. It was highly prized and was used as currency. To give you a small idea of how important black pepper was during the early Roman empire, 3000 pounds of black pepper were demanded along with gold, silver, and silk as a ransom to free Rome from the Huns. Due to the value of spices, it was well known that those that ruled the black pepper and spice trade generally ruled the world.
Piperine has the ability to support the assimilation of food and herbs that are traditionally harder for the body to metabolize. It may help the inhibition of various enzymes responsible for breaking down nutrients. It may stimulate amino acid transporters in the intestines' lining and prevent removing the cells' nutrients. Hence, they are available for a more extended period of time. Finally, piperine may decrease activity in the intestines and possibly allow many active components to enter the bloodstream in larger quantities. Because of its stimulating effect, piperine has been shown to support the pancreas in releasing digestive enzymes to reduce food transit in the gut. The powerful result is the possible inhibition of certain substances' rapid breakdown, allowing for better utilization by the body. This is a big reason why traditional herbal formulas almost always have pepper, black, or cayenne.
Piperine has been shown to support brain health because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and support other nutrients to do the same. It may support healthy beta-endorphin and serotonin levels, positively affecting one’s mood. It helps other nutrients to support brain health; it is well spoken of as a nourishing brain tonic. Some of the nutrients it has shown to affect directly include CoQ10, B6, Curcumin, Amino Acids, Selenium, and Glucose. Some of the metabolizing enzymes affected by piperine are CYPLa1, CYP1b1, CYP1b2, CYP2e1, CYP34a, and a host of over-the-counter and prescription drugs. For clarification, when we speak of over-the-counter and prescription drugs, we inform you to be aware of piperine’s ability to increase bioavailability. It may very well enhance their action.
Based on a study in the Journal of Food and Chemical Toxicology, piperine at various doses positively affected mood and overall positive cognitive improvements. It was concluded that piperine is powerful functional food for the brain. In another study in Planta Medica, piperine was coupled with curcumin to evaluate curcumin's bioavailability in rats and healthy humans. The results were conclusive. When curcumin was given alone to the rats, moderate serum concentrations were achieved over a period of 4 hours. When piperine was added to the curcumin, the serum concentration increased for 1-2 hours. Time to maximum concentration was significantly increased while elimination, half-life, and clearance significantly decreased. When curcumin was given alone to humans, serum levels were either undetectable or very low. Adding piperine produced much higher blood concentrations within 1 hour after ingestion. When taken with piperine, the bioavailability of curcumin increased by 2000%.
Whether you use it as a supplement or as a part of your daily food intake, piperine from black pepper is a great choice to spice up your food and get the most nourishment out of it too. Make spices a daily part of your life as they are easy to get a blast of powerful nourishment.
Some possible traditional uses of Piperine Extract Powder may include:
- May support a healthy pain response
- May support healthy levels of beta-endorphins
- May support healthy serotonin & dopamine levels
- May support healthy adrenals
- May support a healthy gut
- Bio enhancement
- May support the production of pancreatic enzymes
- May support a healthy inflammation response
- Combating the formation of new fat cells
- Combating malabsorption and malnutrition
- May support a healthy histamine response
- May support brain health
- May support the transporting of other nutrients and herbs
This product is 100% natural and minimally processed. Taste, smell, texture, and color may vary from batch to batch.
CAUTION: Do not take it with medication.
Mixing Suggestions: To increase flavor and nutritional profile, combined with our organic turmeric, organic ginger, and organic cinnamon powders.
Botanical Name: Piper Nigrum L Seed.
Other Names: Pepper Extract.
Parts Used: Black Pepper.
Ingredients: Black Pepper Fruit Extract 40:1 (Yielding 95% Piperine).
Origin: Grown and extracted in China. Packaged with care in Florida, USA.
Lean Factor strives to offer the highest quality organically grown, raw, vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO products available and exclusively uses low-temperature drying techniques to preserve all the vital enzymes and nutrients. Our 95% Piperine Extract Powder passes our strict quality assurance, which typically includes testing for botanical identity, heavy metals, chemicals, and microbiological contaminants. LeanFactor.com offers 95% Piperine Extract Powder packaged in airtight stand-up, resealable foil pouches for optimum freshness. Once opened, push the air out of the pouch before resealing it to preserve maximum potency. Keep your 95% Piperine Extract Powder in a cool, dark, dry place.
Sources & References
1. Abila B, Richens A, Davies JA. Anticonvulsant effects of extracts of the West African black pepper, Piper guineense. J Ethnopharmacol 1993 Jun;39(2):113-7. 1993. PMID:16400.
2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554982
3. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=74#nutritionalprofile
4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25541091
5. Wood, Rebecca. The Whole Foods Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Prentice-Hall Press; 1988. 1988. PMID:15220.
6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479727
7. Murray, MT. The Healing Power of Foods. Prima Publishing, Rocklin, CA, 1993, pp. 211-212. 1993.
8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25446579
9. Mujumdar AM, Dhuley JN, Deshmukh VK, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of piperine. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1990 Jun;43(3):95-100. 1990. PMID:16380.
10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25444919
11. Fortin, Francois, Editorial Director. The Visual Foods Encyclopedia. Macmillan, New York. 1996.
12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25438036
13. Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Dover Publications, New York. 1971.
14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25384161
15. Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Dover Publications, New York. 1971.
16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375334
17. Ensminger AH, Ensminger M. K. J. e. al. Food for Health: A Nutrition Encyclopedia. Clovis, California: Pegus Press; 1986. 1986. PMID:15210.
18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25331343
19. Ensminger AH, Ensminger, ME, Kendale JE, Robson JRK. Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia. Pegus Press, Clovis, California. 1983.
20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25327968
21. Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000 Feb;88(2):308-16. 2000. PMID:16390.
22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173461
23. Calucci L, Pinzino C, Zandomeneghi M et al. Effects of gamma-irradiation on the free radical and antioxidant contents in nine aromatic herbs spices. J Agric Food Chem 2003 Feb 12; 51(4):927-34. 2003.
24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25166889
25. Ao P, Hu S, Zhao A. [Essential oil analysis and trace element study of the roots of Piper nigrum L.]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1998 Jan;23(1):42-3, 63. 1998. PMID:16370.
26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25153972
27. Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7442
28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25141367
29. Epstein, William W.; Netz, David F.; Seidel, Jimmy L. (1993). "Isolation of piperine from black pepper." J. Chem. Ed. 70 (7): 598. doi:10.1021/ed070p598.
30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25119528
31. Oersted, "Über das Piperin, ein neues Pflanzenalkaloid" [On piperine, a new plant alkaloid], (Schweigger's) Journal für Chemie und Physik, vol. 29, no. 1, pages 80-82 (1820).
32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050023
33. McNamara FN, Randall A, Gunthorpe MJ (March 2005). "Effects of piperine, the pungent component of black pepper, at the human vanilloid receptor (TRPV1)". Br. J. Pharmacol. 144 (6): 781–90. doi:10.1038/SJ.bjp.0706040. PMC 1576058. PMID 15685214.
34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25027570
35. Atal CK, Dubey RK, Singh J (January 1985). "Biochemical basis of enhanced drug bioavailability by piperine: evidence that piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism." J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 232 (1): 258–62. PMID 3917507.
36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24835937
37. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, Klotz U, Gupta SK, Fromm MF (August 2002). "Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 302 (2): 645–50. doi:10.1124/jpet.102.034728. PMID 12130727.38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24819444
39. Srinivasan, K (2007). "Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: A review of diverse physiological effects." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 47 (8): 735–48. doi:10.1080/10408390601062054. PMID 17987447.
40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24816193
41. Shoba G, Joy D, Joseph T, Majeed M, Rajendran R, Srinivas PS (May 1998). "Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers." Planta Med. 64 (4): 353–6. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957450. PMID 9619120.
42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24525095
43. Wattanathorna, Jintanaporn; Pennapa Chonpathompikunlertb; Supaporn Muchimapuraa; Aroonsri Pripremc; Orathai Tankamnerdthai (September 2008). "Piperine, the potential functional food for mood and cognitive disorders." Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 (9): 3106–3110. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.014. PMID 18639606.
44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418140
45. Singh J, Dubey RK, Ata CK l (1986). "Piperine-mediated inhibition of glucuronidation activity in isolated epithelial cells of the guinea-pig small intestine: evidence that piperine lowers the endogeneous UDP-glucuronic acid content." Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 236: 488–493.
46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24388894
47. Reen RK, Jamwal DS, Taneja SC, et al. (July 1993). "Impairment of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and glucuronidation activities in liver and small intestine of rat and guinea pig in vitro by piperine." Biochem. Pharmacol. 46 (2): 229–38. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(93)90408-O. PMID 8347144.
48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24387754
49. Johnson, J. J.; Nihal, M; Siddiqui, I. A.; Scarlett, C. O.; Bailey, H. H.; Mukhtar, H; Ahmad, N (2011). "Enhancing the bioavailability of resveratrol by combining it with piperine." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 55 (8): 1169–76. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100117. PMC 3295233. PMID 21714124.
50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24370971
51. Faas, L.; Venkatasamy, R.; Hider, R. C.; Young, A. R.; Soumyanath, A. (2008). "In vivo evaluation of piperine and synthetic analogs as potential treatments for vitiligo using a sparsely pigmented mouse model." British Journal of Dermatology 158 (5): 941–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08464.x. PMID 18284389.
52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24348547
53. Ikan, Raphael (1991). Natural Products: A Laboratory Guide 2nd Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc. pp. 223–224. ISBN 0123705517.
54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24329956
55. Gaikar. Process for extraction of piperine from piper species. US 6365601, April 2, 2002.
56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260564
57. http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/gewuerze/pfeffer/pfeffer.htm#selbsterhitzung
58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250643
59. Pharmacographia (London: Macmillan & Co., 1879), p. 584.
60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24193053
61. Annalen, 1850, 75, 82; 84, 345, cf. Wertheim and Rochleder, ibid., 1845, 54, 255.
62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24188307
63. Stenhouse in Pharm. J., 1855, 14, 363.
64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24050594
65. http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-800-black%20pepper%20and%20white%20pepper.aspx?activeingredientid=800&activeingredientname=black%20pepper%20and%20white%20pepper
66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005374
67. Majeed, M. Use of piperine as a bioavailability enhancer. US Patent 5744161, October 26, 1999.
68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23993499
69. Babo & Keller, Journ. Pr. Chem., 1857, 72, 53.
70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23905652
71. Rugheimer, Ber., 1882, 15, 1390.
72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23895150
73. Manoharan S, Balakrishnan S, Menon V, et al. Singapore Med J. 2009 Feb;50(2):139-46.
74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23886380
75. "Pepper 'to treat pigment disease.'" BBC News. 2008-02-14.
76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23870999
77. Bang JS, Oh DH, Choi HM, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009 Mar 30;11(2): R49.
78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868040
79. Doucette CD, Hilchie AL, Liwski R, Hoskin DW. J Nutr Biochem 2013;24:231-239.
80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23838114
81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23824300
82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23791964
83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23768180
84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23750076
85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23625885
86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153036
87. http://nutritionfacts.org/2015/02/05/why-pepper-boosts-turmeric-blood-levels/
88. http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/261?fg=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=35&sort=&qlookup=black+pepper&offset=&format=Full&new=&measureby=
89. http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/
90. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperonal
91. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperine
92. https://www.naturalnews.com/2018-01-14-black-pepper-could-help-fight-obesity-research-shows-it-lower-body-fat-and-blood-sugar.html
93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117414
94. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117414
95. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117414
96. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28160856
97. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28161984
98. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28165813
99. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28426244
100. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458425
101. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28545378
102. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28641526
103. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28669317
104. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28671634
105. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28680454
106. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28801675
107. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28939403
108. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28939512
109. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948673
110. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28952262
111. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29063362
112. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29056550
113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29065496
114. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29142409
115. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29160763
116. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169726
117. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29203239
118. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29250980
119. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29299200
120. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29299989
121. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25588261
122. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3564049
123. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8308845
124. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440300
125. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23711775
126. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24765585
127. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273991
128. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27905507
129. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28699236
130. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29176994
131. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29226913
Piperine is a pungent component found in black pepper in the Piper Nigrum family. This spice has a long history of Ayurvedic medicinal use as a restorative tonic. It is most well known for its ability to support other foods and herbs' bioavailability in traditional herbal formulas. Much research has supported that it increases turmeric root bioavailability by 20-fold.
Piperine extract, derived from black pepper fruit, has a long history of use dating back as far as 100 BC, as noted in ancient Sanskrit literature. Pepper was a prevalent spice used in the middle ages to help cover the salt-cured meats' taste. It was highly prized and was used as currency. To give you a small idea of how important black pepper was during the early Roman empire, 3000 pounds of black pepper were demanded along with gold, silver, and silk as a ransom to free Rome from the Huns. Due to the value of spices, it was well known that those that ruled the black pepper and spice trade generally ruled the world.
Piperine has the ability to support the assimilation of food and herbs that are traditionally harder for the body to metabolize. It may help the inhibition of various enzymes responsible for breaking down nutrients. It may stimulate amino acid transporters in the intestines' lining and prevent removing the cells' nutrients. Hence, they are available for a more extended period of time. Finally, piperine may decrease activity in the intestines and possibly allow many active components to enter the bloodstream in larger quantities. Because of its stimulating effect, piperine has been shown to support the pancreas in releasing digestive enzymes to reduce food transit in the gut. The powerful result is the possible inhibition of certain substances' rapid breakdown, allowing for better utilization by the body. This is a big reason why traditional herbal formulas almost always have pepper, black, or cayenne.
Piperine has been shown to support brain health because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and support other nutrients to do the same. It may support healthy beta-endorphin and serotonin levels, positively affecting one’s mood. It helps other nutrients to support brain health; it is well spoken of as a nourishing brain tonic. Some of the nutrients it has shown to affect directly include CoQ10, B6, Curcumin, Amino Acids, Selenium, and Glucose. Some of the metabolizing enzymes affected by piperine are CYPLa1, CYP1b1, CYP1b2, CYP2e1, CYP34a, and a host of over-the-counter and prescription drugs. For clarification, when we speak of over-the-counter and prescription drugs, we inform you to be aware of piperine’s ability to increase bioavailability. It may very well enhance their action.
Based on a study in the Journal of Food and Chemical Toxicology, piperine at various doses positively affected mood and overall positive cognitive improvements. It was concluded that piperine is powerful functional food for the brain. In another study in Planta Medica, piperine was coupled with curcumin to evaluate curcumin's bioavailability in rats and healthy humans. The results were conclusive. When curcumin was given alone to the rats, moderate serum concentrations were achieved over a period of 4 hours. When piperine was added to the curcumin, the serum concentration increased for 1-2 hours. Time to maximum concentration was significantly increased while elimination, half-life, and clearance significantly decreased. When curcumin was given alone to humans, serum levels were either undetectable or very low. Adding piperine produced much higher blood concentrations within 1 hour after ingestion. When taken with piperine, the bioavailability of curcumin increased by 2000%.
Whether you use it as a supplement or as a part of your daily food intake, piperine from black pepper is a great choice to spice up your food and get the most nourishment out of it too. Make spices a daily part of your life as they are easy to get a blast of powerful nourishment.
Some possible traditional uses of Piperine Extract Powder may include:
- May support a healthy pain response
- May support healthy levels of beta-endorphins
- May support healthy serotonin & dopamine levels
- May support healthy adrenals
- May support a healthy gut
- Bio enhancement
- May support the production of pancreatic enzymes
- May support a healthy inflammation response
- Combating the formation of new fat cells
- Combating malabsorption and malnutrition
- May support a healthy histamine response
- May support brain health
- May support the transporting of other nutrients and herbs
This product is 100% natural and minimally processed. Taste, smell, texture, and color may vary from batch to batch.
CAUTION: Do not take it with medication.
Mixing Suggestions: To increase flavor and nutritional profile, combined with our organic turmeric, organic ginger, and organic cinnamon powders.
Botanical Name: Piper Nigrum L Seed.
Other Names: Pepper Extract.
Parts Used: Black Pepper.
Ingredients: Black Pepper Fruit Extract 40:1 (Yielding 95% Piperine).
Origin: Grown and extracted in China. Packaged with care in Florida, USA.
Lean Factor strives to offer the highest quality organically grown, raw, vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO products available and exclusively uses low-temperature drying techniques to preserve all the vital enzymes and nutrients. Our 95% Piperine Extract Powder passes our strict quality assurance, which typically includes testing for botanical identity, heavy metals, chemicals, and microbiological contaminants. LeanFactor.com offers 95% Piperine Extract Powder packaged in airtight stand-up, resealable foil pouches for optimum freshness. Once opened, push the air out of the pouch before resealing it to preserve maximum potency. Keep your 95% Piperine Extract Powder in a cool, dark, dry place.
Sources & References
1. Abila B, Richens A, Davies JA. Anticonvulsant effects of extracts of the West African black pepper, Piper guineense. J Ethnopharmacol 1993 Jun;39(2):113-7. 1993. PMID:16400.
2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554982
3. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=74#nutritionalprofile
4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25541091
5. Wood, Rebecca. The Whole Foods Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Prentice-Hall Press; 1988. 1988. PMID:15220.
6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479727
7. Murray, MT. The Healing Power of Foods. Prima Publishing, Rocklin, CA, 1993, pp. 211-212. 1993.
8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25446579
9. Mujumdar AM, Dhuley JN, Deshmukh VK, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of piperine. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1990 Jun;43(3):95-100. 1990. PMID:16380.
10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25444919
11. Fortin, Francois, Editorial Director. The Visual Foods Encyclopedia. Macmillan, New York. 1996.
12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25438036
13. Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Dover Publications, New York. 1971.
14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25384161
15. Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Dover Publications, New York. 1971.
16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375334
17. Ensminger AH, Ensminger M. K. J. e. al. Food for Health: A Nutrition Encyclopedia. Clovis, California: Pegus Press; 1986. 1986. PMID:15210.
18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25331343
19. Ensminger AH, Ensminger, ME, Kendale JE, Robson JRK. Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia. Pegus Press, Clovis, California. 1983.
20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25327968
21. Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000 Feb;88(2):308-16. 2000. PMID:16390.
22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173461
23. Calucci L, Pinzino C, Zandomeneghi M et al. Effects of gamma-irradiation on the free radical and antioxidant contents in nine aromatic herbs spices. J Agric Food Chem 2003 Feb 12; 51(4):927-34. 2003.
24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25166889
25. Ao P, Hu S, Zhao A. [Essential oil analysis and trace element study of the roots of Piper nigrum L.]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1998 Jan;23(1):42-3, 63. 1998. PMID:16370.
26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25153972
27. Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7442
28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25141367
29. Epstein, William W.; Netz, David F.; Seidel, Jimmy L. (1993). "Isolation of piperine from black pepper." J. Chem. Ed. 70 (7): 598. doi:10.1021/ed070p598.
30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25119528
31. Oersted, "Über das Piperin, ein neues Pflanzenalkaloid" [On piperine, a new plant alkaloid], (Schweigger's) Journal für Chemie und Physik, vol. 29, no. 1, pages 80-82 (1820).
32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050023
33. McNamara FN, Randall A, Gunthorpe MJ (March 2005). "Effects of piperine, the pungent component of black pepper, at the human vanilloid receptor (TRPV1)". Br. J. Pharmacol. 144 (6): 781–90. doi:10.1038/SJ.bjp.0706040. PMC 1576058. PMID 15685214.
34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25027570
35. Atal CK, Dubey RK, Singh J (January 1985). "Biochemical basis of enhanced drug bioavailability by piperine: evidence that piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism." J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 232 (1): 258–62. PMID 3917507.
36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24835937
37. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, Klotz U, Gupta SK, Fromm MF (August 2002). "Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 302 (2): 645–50. doi:10.1124/jpet.102.034728. PMID 12130727.38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24819444
39. Srinivasan, K (2007). "Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: A review of diverse physiological effects." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 47 (8): 735–48. doi:10.1080/10408390601062054. PMID 17987447.
40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24816193
41. Shoba G, Joy D, Joseph T, Majeed M, Rajendran R, Srinivas PS (May 1998). "Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers." Planta Med. 64 (4): 353–6. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957450. PMID 9619120.
42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24525095
43. Wattanathorna, Jintanaporn; Pennapa Chonpathompikunlertb; Supaporn Muchimapuraa; Aroonsri Pripremc; Orathai Tankamnerdthai (September 2008). "Piperine, the potential functional food for mood and cognitive disorders." Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 (9): 3106–3110. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.014. PMID 18639606.
44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418140
45. Singh J, Dubey RK, Ata CK l (1986). "Piperine-mediated inhibition of glucuronidation activity in isolated epithelial cells of the guinea-pig small intestine: evidence that piperine lowers the endogeneous UDP-glucuronic acid content." Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 236: 488–493.
46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24388894
47. Reen RK, Jamwal DS, Taneja SC, et al. (July 1993). "Impairment of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and glucuronidation activities in liver and small intestine of rat and guinea pig in vitro by piperine." Biochem. Pharmacol. 46 (2): 229–38. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(93)90408-O. PMID 8347144.
48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24387754
49. Johnson, J. J.; Nihal, M; Siddiqui, I. A.; Scarlett, C. O.; Bailey, H. H.; Mukhtar, H; Ahmad, N (2011). "Enhancing the bioavailability of resveratrol by combining it with piperine." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 55 (8): 1169–76. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100117. PMC 3295233. PMID 21714124.
50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24370971
51. Faas, L.; Venkatasamy, R.; Hider, R. C.; Young, A. R.; Soumyanath, A. (2008). "In vivo evaluation of piperine and synthetic analogs as potential treatments for vitiligo using a sparsely pigmented mouse model." British Journal of Dermatology 158 (5): 941–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08464.x. PMID 18284389.
52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24348547
53. Ikan, Raphael (1991). Natural Products: A Laboratory Guide 2nd Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc. pp. 223–224. ISBN 0123705517.
54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24329956
55. Gaikar. Process for extraction of piperine from piper species. US 6365601, April 2, 2002.
56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260564
57. http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/gewuerze/pfeffer/pfeffer.htm#selbsterhitzung
58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250643
59. Pharmacographia (London: Macmillan & Co., 1879), p. 584.
60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24193053
61. Annalen, 1850, 75, 82; 84, 345, cf. Wertheim and Rochleder, ibid., 1845, 54, 255.
62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24188307
63. Stenhouse in Pharm. J., 1855, 14, 363.
64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24050594
65. http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-800-black%20pepper%20and%20white%20pepper.aspx?activeingredientid=800&activeingredientname=black%20pepper%20and%20white%20pepper
66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005374
67. Majeed, M. Use of piperine as a bioavailability enhancer. US Patent 5744161, October 26, 1999.
68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23993499
69. Babo & Keller, Journ. Pr. Chem., 1857, 72, 53.
70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23905652
71. Rugheimer, Ber., 1882, 15, 1390.
72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23895150
73. Manoharan S, Balakrishnan S, Menon V, et al. Singapore Med J. 2009 Feb;50(2):139-46.
74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23886380
75. "Pepper 'to treat pigment disease.'" BBC News. 2008-02-14.
76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23870999
77. Bang JS, Oh DH, Choi HM, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009 Mar 30;11(2): R49.
78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868040
79. Doucette CD, Hilchie AL, Liwski R, Hoskin DW. J Nutr Biochem 2013;24:231-239.
80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23838114
81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23824300
82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23791964
83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23768180
84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23750076
85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23625885
86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153036
87. http://nutritionfacts.org/2015/02/05/why-pepper-boosts-turmeric-blood-levels/
88. http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/261?fg=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=35&sort=&qlookup=black+pepper&offset=&format=Full&new=&measureby=
89. http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/
90. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperonal
91. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperine
92. https://www.naturalnews.com/2018-01-14-black-pepper-could-help-fight-obesity-research-shows-it-lower-body-fat-and-blood-sugar.html
93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117414
94. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117414
95. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117414
96. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28160856
97. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28161984
98. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28165813
99. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28426244
100. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458425
101. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28545378
102. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28641526
103. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28669317
104. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28671634
105. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28680454
106. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28801675
107. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28939403
108. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28939512
109. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948673
110. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28952262
111. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29063362
112. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29056550
113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29065496
114. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29142409
115. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29160763
116. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169726
117. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29203239
118. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29250980
119. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29299200
120. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29299989
121. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25588261
122. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3564049
123. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8308845
124. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440300
125. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23711775
126. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24765585
127. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273991
128. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27905507
129. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28699236
130. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29176994
131. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29226913
Piperine is a pungent component found in black pepper in the Piper Nigrum family. This spice has a long history of Ayurvedic medicinal use as a restorative tonic. It is most well known for its ability to support other foods and herbs' bioavailability in traditional herbal formulas. Much research has supported that it increases turmeric root bioavailability by 20-fold.
Piperine extract, derived from black pepper fruit, has a long history of use dating back as far as 100 BC, as noted in ancient Sanskrit literature. Pepper was a prevalent spice used in the middle ages to help cover the salt-cured meats' taste. It was highly prized and was used as currency. To give you a small idea of how important black pepper was during the early Roman empire, 3000 pounds of black pepper were demanded along with gold, silver, and silk as a ransom to free Rome from the Huns. Due to the value of spices, it was well known that those that ruled the black pepper and spice trade generally ruled the world.
Piperine has the ability to support the assimilation of food and herbs that are traditionally harder for the body to metabolize. It may help the inhibition of various enzymes responsible for breaking down nutrients. It may stimulate amino acid transporters in the intestines' lining and prevent removing the cells' nutrients. Hence, they are available for a more extended period of time. Finally, piperine may decrease activity in the intestines and possibly allow many active components to enter the bloodstream in larger quantities. Because of its stimulating effect, piperine has been shown to support the pancreas in releasing digestive enzymes to reduce food transit in the gut. The powerful result is the possible inhibition of certain substances' rapid breakdown, allowing for better utilization by the body. This is a big reason why traditional herbal formulas almost always have pepper, black, or cayenne.
Piperine has been shown to support brain health because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and support other nutrients to do the same. It may support healthy beta-endorphin and serotonin levels, positively affecting one’s mood. It helps other nutrients to support brain health; it is well spoken of as a nourishing brain tonic. Some of the nutrients it has shown to affect directly include CoQ10, B6, Curcumin, Amino Acids, Selenium, and Glucose. Some of the metabolizing enzymes affected by piperine are CYPLa1, CYP1b1, CYP1b2, CYP2e1, CYP34a, and a host of over-the-counter and prescription drugs. For clarification, when we speak of over-the-counter and prescription drugs, we inform you to be aware of piperine’s ability to increase bioavailability. It may very well enhance their action.
Based on a study in the Journal of Food and Chemical Toxicology, piperine at various doses positively affected mood and overall positive cognitive improvements. It was concluded that piperine is powerful functional food for the brain. In another study in Planta Medica, piperine was coupled with curcumin to evaluate curcumin's bioavailability in rats and healthy humans. The results were conclusive. When curcumin was given alone to the rats, moderate serum concentrations were achieved over a period of 4 hours. When piperine was added to the curcumin, the serum concentration increased for 1-2 hours. Time to maximum concentration was significantly increased while elimination, half-life, and clearance significantly decreased. When curcumin was given alone to humans, serum levels were either undetectable or very low. Adding piperine produced much higher blood concentrations within 1 hour after ingestion. When taken with piperine, the bioavailability of curcumin increased by 2000%.
Whether you use it as a supplement or as a part of your daily food intake, piperine from black pepper is a great choice to spice up your food and get the most nourishment out of it too. Make spices a daily part of your life as they are easy to get a blast of powerful nourishment.
Some possible traditional uses of Piperine Extract Powder may include:
- May support a healthy pain response
- May support healthy levels of beta-endorphins
- May support healthy serotonin & dopamine levels
- May support healthy adrenals
- May support a healthy gut
- Bio enhancement
- May support the production of pancreatic enzymes
- May support a healthy inflammation response
- Combating the formation of new fat cells
- Combating malabsorption and malnutrition
- May support a healthy histamine response
- May support brain health
- May support the transporting of other nutrients and herbs
This product is 100% natural and minimally processed. Taste, smell, texture, and color may vary from batch to batch.
CAUTION: Do not take it with medication.
Mixing Suggestions: To increase flavor and nutritional profile, combined with our organic turmeric, organic ginger, and organic cinnamon powders.
Botanical Name: Piper Nigrum L Seed.
Other Names: Pepper Extract.
Parts Used: Black Pepper.
Ingredients: Black Pepper Fruit Extract 40:1 (Yielding 95% Piperine).
Origin: Grown and extracted in China. Packaged with care in Florida, USA.
Lean Factor strives to offer the highest quality organically grown, raw, vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO products available and exclusively uses low-temperature drying techniques to preserve all the vital enzymes and nutrients. Our 95% Piperine Extract Powder passes our strict quality assurance, which typically includes testing for botanical identity, heavy metals, chemicals, and microbiological contaminants. LeanFactor.com offers 95% Piperine Extract Powder packaged in airtight stand-up, resealable foil pouches for optimum freshness. Once opened, push the air out of the pouch before resealing it to preserve maximum potency. Keep your 95% Piperine Extract Powder in a cool, dark, dry place.
Sources & References
1. Abila B, Richens A, Davies JA. Anticonvulsant effects of extracts of the West African black pepper, Piper guineense. J Ethnopharmacol 1993 Jun;39(2):113-7. 1993. PMID:16400.
2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554982
3. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=74#nutritionalprofile
4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25541091
5. Wood, Rebecca. The Whole Foods Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Prentice-Hall Press; 1988. 1988. PMID:15220.
6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479727
7. Murray, MT. The Healing Power of Foods. Prima Publishing, Rocklin, CA, 1993, pp. 211-212. 1993.
8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25446579
9. Mujumdar AM, Dhuley JN, Deshmukh VK, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of piperine. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1990 Jun;43(3):95-100. 1990. PMID:16380.
10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25444919
11. Fortin, Francois, Editorial Director. The Visual Foods Encyclopedia. Macmillan, New York. 1996.
12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25438036
13. Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Dover Publications, New York. 1971.
14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25384161
15. Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Dover Publications, New York. 1971.
16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375334
17. Ensminger AH, Ensminger M. K. J. e. al. Food for Health: A Nutrition Encyclopedia. Clovis, California: Pegus Press; 1986. 1986. PMID:15210.
18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25331343
19. Ensminger AH, Ensminger, ME, Kendale JE, Robson JRK. Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia. Pegus Press, Clovis, California. 1983.
20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25327968
21. Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000 Feb;88(2):308-16. 2000. PMID:16390.
22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173461
23. Calucci L, Pinzino C, Zandomeneghi M et al. Effects of gamma-irradiation on the free radical and antioxidant contents in nine aromatic herbs spices. J Agric Food Chem 2003 Feb 12; 51(4):927-34. 2003.
24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25166889
25. Ao P, Hu S, Zhao A. [Essential oil analysis and trace element study of the roots of Piper nigrum L.]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1998 Jan;23(1):42-3, 63. 1998. PMID:16370.
26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25153972
27. Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7442
28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25141367
29. Epstein, William W.; Netz, David F.; Seidel, Jimmy L. (1993). "Isolation of piperine from black pepper." J. Chem. Ed. 70 (7): 598. doi:10.1021/ed070p598.
30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25119528
31. Oersted, "Über das Piperin, ein neues Pflanzenalkaloid" [On piperine, a new plant alkaloid], (Schweigger's) Journal für Chemie und Physik, vol. 29, no. 1, pages 80-82 (1820).
32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050023
33. McNamara FN, Randall A, Gunthorpe MJ (March 2005). "Effects of piperine, the pungent component of black pepper, at the human vanilloid receptor (TRPV1)". Br. J. Pharmacol. 144 (6): 781–90. doi:10.1038/SJ.bjp.0706040. PMC 1576058. PMID 15685214.
34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25027570
35. Atal CK, Dubey RK, Singh J (January 1985). "Biochemical basis of enhanced drug bioavailability by piperine: evidence that piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism." J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 232 (1): 258–62. PMID 3917507.
36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24835937
37. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, Klotz U, Gupta SK, Fromm MF (August 2002). "Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 302 (2): 645–50. doi:10.1124/jpet.102.034728. PMID 12130727.38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24819444
39. Srinivasan, K (2007). "Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: A review of diverse physiological effects." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 47 (8): 735–48. doi:10.1080/10408390601062054. PMID 17987447.
40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24816193
41. Shoba G, Joy D, Joseph T, Majeed M, Rajendran R, Srinivas PS (May 1998). "Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers." Planta Med. 64 (4): 353–6. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957450. PMID 9619120.
42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24525095
43. Wattanathorna, Jintanaporn; Pennapa Chonpathompikunlertb; Supaporn Muchimapuraa; Aroonsri Pripremc; Orathai Tankamnerdthai (September 2008). "Piperine, the potential functional food for mood and cognitive disorders." Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 (9): 3106–3110. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.014. PMID 18639606.
44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418140
45. Singh J, Dubey RK, Ata CK l (1986). "Piperine-mediated inhibition of glucuronidation activity in isolated epithelial cells of the guinea-pig small intestine: evidence that piperine lowers the endogeneous UDP-glucuronic acid content." Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 236: 488–493.
46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24388894
47. Reen RK, Jamwal DS, Taneja SC, et al. (July 1993). "Impairment of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and glucuronidation activities in liver and small intestine of rat and guinea pig in vitro by piperine." Biochem. Pharmacol. 46 (2): 229–38. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(93)90408-O. PMID 8347144.
48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24387754
49. Johnson, J. J.; Nihal, M; Siddiqui, I. A.; Scarlett, C. O.; Bailey, H. H.; Mukhtar, H; Ahmad, N (2011). "Enhancing the bioavailability of resveratrol by combining it with piperine." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 55 (8): 1169–76. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100117. PMC 3295233. PMID 21714124.
50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24370971
51. Faas, L.; Venkatasamy, R.; Hider, R. C.; Young, A. R.; Soumyanath, A. (2008). "In vivo evaluation of piperine and synthetic analogs as potential treatments for vitiligo using a sparsely pigmented mouse model." British Journal of Dermatology 158 (5): 941–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08464.x. PMID 18284389.
52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24348547
53. Ikan, Raphael (1991). Natural Products: A Laboratory Guide 2nd Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc. pp. 223–224. ISBN 0123705517.
54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24329956
55. Gaikar. Process for extraction of piperine from piper species. US 6365601, April 2, 2002.
56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260564
57. http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/gewuerze/pfeffer/pfeffer.htm#selbsterhitzung
58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250643
59. Pharmacographia (London: Macmillan & Co., 1879), p. 584.
60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24193053
61. Annalen, 1850, 75, 82; 84, 345, cf. Wertheim and Rochleder, ibid., 1845, 54, 255.
62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24188307
63. Stenhouse in Pharm. J., 1855, 14, 363.
64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24050594
65. http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-800-black%20pepper%20and%20white%20pepper.aspx?activeingredientid=800&activeingredientname=black%20pepper%20and%20white%20pepper
66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005374
67. Majeed, M. Use of piperine as a bioavailability enhancer. US Patent 5744161, October 26, 1999.
68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23993499
69. Babo & Keller, Journ. Pr. Chem., 1857, 72, 53.
70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23905652
71. Rugheimer, Ber., 1882, 15, 1390.
72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23895150
73. Manoharan S, Balakrishnan S, Menon V, et al. Singapore Med J. 2009 Feb;50(2):139-46.
74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23886380
75. "Pepper 'to treat pigment disease.'" BBC News. 2008-02-14.
76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23870999
77. Bang JS, Oh DH, Choi HM, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009 Mar 30;11(2): R49.
78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868040
79. Doucette CD, Hilchie AL, Liwski R, Hoskin DW. J Nutr Biochem 2013;24:231-239.
80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23838114
81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23824300
82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23791964
83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23768180
84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23750076
85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23625885
86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153036
87. http://nutritionfacts.org/2015/02/05/why-pepper-boosts-turmeric-blood-levels/
88. http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/261?fg=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=35&sort=&qlookup=black+pepper&offset=&format=Full&new=&measureby=
89. http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/
90. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperonal
91. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperine
92. https://www.naturalnews.com/2018-01-14-black-pepper-could-help-fight-obesity-research-shows-it-lower-body-fat-and-blood-sugar.html
93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117414
94. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117414
95. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117414
96. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28160856
97. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28161984
98. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28165813
99. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28426244
100. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458425
101. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28545378
102. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28641526
103. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28669317
104. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28671634
105. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28680454
106. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28801675
107. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28939403
108. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28939512
109. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948673
110. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28952262
111. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29063362
112. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29056550
113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29065496
114. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29142409
115. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29160763
116. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169726
117. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29203239
118. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29250980
119. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29299200
120. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29299989
121. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25588261
122. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3564049
123. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8308845
124. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440300
125. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23711775
126. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24765585
127. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273991
128. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27905507
129. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28699236
130. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29176994
131. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29226913
* Reviews & Success Stories Disclaimer
Product reviews solely reflect the views & opinions expressed by the contributors and not those of Lean Factor. Lean Factor does not verify or endorse any claims made in these reviews. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition.
